rustlings: move to rust/

5 files changed, 0 insertions, 281 deletions

diff --git a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/README.md b/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/README.md
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index d56d2b6..0000000
--- a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/README.md
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@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# Smart Pointers
-
-In Rust, smart pointers are variables that contain an address in memory and reference some other data, but they also have additional metadata and capabilities.
-Smart pointers in Rust often own the data they point to, while references only borrow data.
-
-## Further Information
-
-- [Smart Pointers](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-00-smart-pointers.html)
-- [Using Box to Point to Data on the Heap](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-01-box.html)
-- [Rc\<T\>, the Reference Counted Smart Pointer](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch15-04-rc.html)
-- [Shared-State Concurrency](https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch16-03-shared-state.html)
-- [Cow Documentation](https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/borrow/enum.Cow.html)
diff --git a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/arc1.rs b/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/arc1.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f44e4e1..0000000
--- a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/arc1.rs
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@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-// In this exercise, we are given a `Vec` of `u32` called `numbers` with values
-// ranging from 0 to 99. We would like to use this set of numbers within 8
-// different threads simultaneously. Each thread is going to get the sum of
-// every eighth value with an offset.
-//
-// The first thread (offset 0), will sum 0, 8, 16, …
-// The second thread (offset 1), will sum 1, 9, 17, …
-// The third thread (offset 2), will sum 2, 10, 18, …
-// …
-// The eighth thread (offset 7), will sum 7, 15, 23, …
-//
-// Each thread should own a reference-counting pointer to the vector of
-// numbers. But `Rc` isn't thread-safe. Therefore, we need to use `Arc`.
-//
-// Don't get distracted by how threads are spawned and joined. We will practice
-// that later in the exercises about threads.
-
-// Don't change the lines below.
-#![forbid(unused_imports)]
-use std::{sync::Arc, thread};
-
-fn main() {
-    let numbers: Vec<_> = (0..100u32).collect();
-
-    // TODO: Define `shared_numbers` by using `Arc`.
-    let shared_numbers = Arc::new(numbers);
-
-    let mut join_handles = Vec::new();
-
-    for offset in 0..8 {
-        // TODO: Define `child_numbers` using `shared_numbers`.
-        let child_numbers = shared_numbers.clone();
-
-        let handle = thread::spawn(move || {
-            let sum: u32 = child_numbers.iter().filter(|&&n| n % 8 == offset).sum();
-            println!("Sum of offset {offset} is {sum}");
-        });
-
-        join_handles.push(handle);
-    }
-
-    for handle in join_handles.into_iter() {
-        handle.join().unwrap();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/box1.rs b/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/box1.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ee379ca..0000000
--- a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/box1.rs
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@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-// At compile time, Rust needs to know how much space a type takes up. This
-// becomes problematic for recursive types, where a value can have as part of
-// itself another value of the same type. To get around the issue, we can use a
-// `Box` - a smart pointer used to store data on the heap, which also allows us
-// to wrap a recursive type.
-//
-// The recursive type we're implementing in this exercise is the "cons list", a
-// data structure frequently found in functional programming languages. Each
-// item in a cons list contains two elements: The value of the current item and
-// the next item. The last item is a value called `Nil`.
-
-// TODO: Use a `Box` in the enum definition to make the code compile.
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum List {
-    Cons(i32, Box<List>),
-    Nil,
-}
-
-// TODO: Create an empty cons list.
-fn create_empty_list() -> List {
-    List::Nil
-}
-
-// TODO: Create a non-empty cons list.
-fn create_non_empty_list() -> List {
-    List::Cons(1, Box::new(List::Nil))
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    println!("This is an empty cons list: {:?}", create_empty_list());
-    println!(
-        "This is a non-empty cons list: {:?}",
-        create_non_empty_list(),
-    );
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_create_empty_list() {
-        assert_eq!(create_empty_list(), List::Nil);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_create_non_empty_list() {
-        assert_ne!(create_empty_list(), create_non_empty_list());
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/cow1.rs b/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/cow1.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 56a25b9..0000000
--- a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/cow1.rs
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@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-// This exercise explores the `Cow` (Clone-On-Write) smart pointer. It can
-// enclose and provide immutable access to borrowed data and clone the data
-// lazily when mutation or ownership is required. The type is designed to work
-// with general borrowed data via the `Borrow` trait.
-
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-
-fn abs_all(input: &mut Cow<[i32]>) {
-    for ind in 0..input.len() {
-        let value = input[ind];
-        if value < 0 {
-            // Clones into a vector if not already owned.
-            input.to_mut()[ind] = -value;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    // You can optionally experiment here.
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reference_mutation() {
-        // Clone occurs because `input` needs to be mutated.
-        let vec = vec![-1, 0, 1];
-        let mut input = Cow::from(&vec);
-        abs_all(&mut input);
-        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Owned(_)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn reference_no_mutation() {
-        // No clone occurs because `input` doesn't need to be mutated.
-        let vec = vec![0, 1, 2];
-        let mut input = Cow::from(&vec);
-        abs_all(&mut input);
-        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Borrowed(_)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn owned_no_mutation() {
-        // We can also pass `vec` without `&` so `Cow` owns it directly. In this
-        // case, no mutation occurs (all numbers are already absolute) and thus
-        // also no clone. But the result is still owned because it was never
-        // borrowed or mutated.
-        let vec = vec![0, 1, 2];
-        let mut input = Cow::from(vec);
-        abs_all(&mut input);
-        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Owned(_)));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn owned_mutation() {
-        // Of course this is also the case if a mutation does occur (not all
-        // numbers are absolute). In this case, the call to `to_mut()` in the
-        // `abs_all` function returns a reference to the same data as before.
-        let vec = vec![-1, 0, 1];
-        let mut input = Cow::from(vec);
-        abs_all(&mut input);
-        assert!(matches!(input, Cow::Owned(_)));
-    }
-}
diff --git a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/rc1.rs b/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/rc1.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c9ce84..0000000
--- a/rustlings/exercises/19_smart_pointers/rc1.rs
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@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-// In this exercise, we want to express the concept of multiple owners via the
-// `Rc<T>` type. This is a model of our solar system - there is a `Sun` type and
-// multiple `Planet`s. The planets take ownership of the sun, indicating that
-// they revolve around the sun.
-
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Sun;
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-enum Planet {
-    Mercury(Rc<Sun>),
-    Venus(Rc<Sun>),
-    Earth(Rc<Sun>),
-    Mars(Rc<Sun>),
-    Jupiter(Rc<Sun>),
-    Saturn(Rc<Sun>),
-    Uranus(Rc<Sun>),
-    Neptune(Rc<Sun>),
-}
-
-impl Planet {
-    fn details(&self) {
-        println!("Hi from {self:?}!");
-    }
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    // You can optionally experiment here.
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn rc1() {
-        let sun = Rc::new(Sun);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference
-
-        let mercury = Planet::Mercury(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
-        mercury.details();
-
-        let venus = Planet::Venus(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
-        venus.details();
-
-        let earth = Planet::Earth(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
-        earth.details();
-
-        let mars = Planet::Mars(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
-        mars.details();
-
-        let jupiter = Planet::Jupiter(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
-        jupiter.details();
-
-        // TODO
-        let saturn = Planet::Saturn(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
-        saturn.details();
-
-        // TODO
-        let uranus = Planet::Uranus(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
-        uranus.details();
-
-        // TODO
-        let neptune = Planet::Neptune(Rc::clone(&sun));
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 9 references
-        neptune.details();
-
-        assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 9);
-
-        drop(neptune);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 8 references
-
-        drop(uranus);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 7 references
-
-        drop(saturn);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 6 references
-
-        drop(jupiter);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 5 references
-
-        drop(mars);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 4 references
-
-        // TODO
-        drop(earth);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 3 references
-
-        // TODO
-        drop(venus);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 2 references
-
-        // TODO
-        drop(mercury);
-        println!("reference count = {}", Rc::strong_count(&sun)); // 1 reference
-
-        assert_eq!(Rc::strong_count(&sun), 1);
-    }
-}